Analog-to-Digital Conversion

Step 1 — Sampling

Fs = 8 kHz

b = 8

ΔV = 7.81 mV

BR = 64 kbps

Input Signal

Frequency fₘ 1 000 Hz

100 Hz20 kHz

Amplitude A 1.00 V

0.13.0 V

HF Noise σₙ 0.00 V

00.8 V

Signal Conditioning

Gain K ×1.00

0.1×4×

Bias b +0.00 V

−2 V+2 V

Vout = 1.00×Vin +0.00 V

Anti-Aliasing LPF

Cutoff f꜀ᵤₜ 3 000 Hz

100 Hz20 kHz

ADC Dynamic Range

Vmin −1.00 V

−5 V0 V

Vmax +1.00 V

0 V+5 V

ADC Range

GOOD MATCH

Sampling

Sample Rate Fₛ 8 000 Hz

200 Hz80 kHz

Nyquist (Fₛ vs 2·fₘ) 8.0× ✓

Show Aliased Ghost

Quantization

Bits b 8 bits

1 bit6 bits (64 levels)

Levels = 2^b 256

ΔV = (Vmax−Vmin)/2ᵇ 7.813 mV

EL = (x − Vmin) / ΔV per sample

QL = ⌊ EL ⌋ clamp [0, 2^b−1]

SNR ≈ 6.02b + 1.76 49.9 dB

Clip to [Vmin, Vmax]

Analog Signal x(t)

Sampled Signal x[n] — Fₛ = 8 kHz

Magnitude Spectrum |X(f)|